Content Based Watermarking for Color Images Using Transform Domain

This paper proposes three approaches to content-based watermarking for image authentication based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA). In this scheme, ICA is applied to blocks of the cover image and the resulting mixing matrix is used as the content-based feature. This is embedded in the mid-frequency DCT coefficient of the block in the first method. The watermark is embedded in the 3 rd level DWT’s HL3 in the second method. In the third method, DCT is computed for the third level DWT’s LH3 and the watermark is embedded in the mid-frequency DCT coefficient of the block. Index Terms –Content Based Watermarking, Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Fast-ICA, Frobenius Norm.